CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
An organization is set up with the purpose of achieving certain objectives. Objectives can only be achieved when the resources is put to the best use. This calls for efficient management. The function of management is to coordinate the various factors in such a manner that they can contribute their maximum to the realization of common aims. In the past, management was concerned mainly with the full and proper utilization of the physical factors of production like raw materials and machine. Little, if any, attention was ever paid to the human factor on which the utilization of the physical factor depended. Materials may be purchased at the most competitive rates, machines may be worked at their maximum speed but output can be maximized only when the workers work willingly. If we go a step further and somehow motivate the workers, the output can be raised still higher with the same type of machines. (Otokiti S.2002:219)
Management means the utilization of not only the physical factors, but what is still more important, of the people who are working on these factors. The importance of the human factor is being increasingly recognized by those responsible for the management of different organizations. Drucker 1974:5 similarly observes that some authorities on management go even to the extent of saying that “good management means getting effective results with people.” This is due to the significant change of direction in the management of people in organizations.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM